Among those, the FBI, Alabama Sentencing Commission, Florida Office of State Court Administrator, New York Division of Criminal Justice Services, New York Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, and Texas Office of Court Administration provided data to us.[5] Because of complications with the data file the FBI provided to us, we used the same set of data provided to and organized by the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.[6] We also analyzed data available online from the US Department of Justices Bureau of Justice Statistics and some state agencies

It also reviews research literature on vaping among pregnant women and people with mental health conditions | PHE, UK Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2020 The central theme of this report, enshrined in many international treaties, is the universal right to health, including for those who for whatever reason continue to engage in risky behaviours
In 2025, a group of researchers including Rodriguzez conducted a review of studies on secondhand e-cigarette aerosol exposure in children
In e-cigarette use by humans, overheating the liquid generates acrid tasting dry puff which is unpleasant and avoided rather than slowly inhaled